IIED in Texas: elements and the gap-filler ruleIIED en Texas: elementos y la regla del gap-filler
A plaintiff sues a coworker for IIED based on false statements posted online that she stole from clients. Her defamation claim was dismissed as time-barred. Under Zeltwanger and Draker, the IIED claim:
IIED cannot substitute for a claim that fits the gravamen, even when that claim is barred.El IIED no puede sustituir a la acción que corresponde al núcleo de la queja, aunque esa acción esté prescrita.
Hoffmann-La Roche v. Zeltwanger; Draker v. Schreiber
Which fact pattern most clearly satisfies the “extreme and outrageous” element under GTE Southwest?
Outrageousness is judged on the whole course of conduct; a sustained pattern of abuse and intimidation crosses the line, isolated insults do not.La outrageousness se juzga sobre el patrón completo; un abuso sostenido con intimidación cruza la línea, los insultos aislados no.
GTE Southwest, Inc. v. Bruce
A driver recklessly runs a red light and causes a crash; a passenger in the other car develops anxiety. Why does the passenger's IIED claim fail under Standard Fruit?
Element one requires intent or recklessness as to severe emotional distress itself.El primer elemento exige intención o imprudencia respecto de la angustia severa en sí.
Standard Fruit & Vegetable Co. v. Johnson
Texas adopted IIED in (1993), following Restatement (Second) of Torts § .
Twyman is the source of the four elements.Twyman es la fuente de los cuatro elementos.
Write the full citation for the Texas Supreme Court's 1993 IIED case, reported at volume 855 of South Western Reporter 2d, page 619, with a pinpoint to page 621.
AnswerRespuesta: Twyman v. Twyman, 855 S.W.2d 619, 621 (Tex. 1993).
Bluebook ruleRegla del Bluebook: B10.1, R10.2.1, T1.3 (Texas)
Case name in italics or underlined in a memo, reporter, first page, pincite, court and year in the parenthetical. For the Texas Supreme Court the court abbreviation is “Tex.”.Nombre del caso, reporter, primera página, pincite, tribunal y año entre paréntesis. Para la Supreme Court of Texas la abreviatura es “Tex.”.
State the four IIED elements in Texas and name the case that announces them.
AnswerRespuesta: (1) Intentional or reckless conduct, (2) extreme and outrageous, (3) that caused emotional distress, (4) that was severe. Twyman v. Twyman, 855 S.W.2d 619 (Tex. 1993).
- intentional or reckless
- extreme and outrageous
- caused distress
- severe
- Twyman